This scale was validated by: Chen, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Beyers, W., Boone, L., Deci, E. L., der Kaap-Deeder, V., ... & Verstuyf, J. (2015). Basic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, and need strength across four cultures. Motivation and emotion, 39(2), 216-236.

*Data collected through these Motivation Measures for Practical Use may be utilized by the ACME research team in future academic manuscripts, research briefs, conference presentations, or theses/dissertations. All directly identifying information will be removed and only aggregated data may be utilized.*